Youth who receive special education services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA 2004) and especially young adults of transition age, should be involved in planning for life after high school as early as possible and no later than age 16. Transition services should stem from the individual youth’s needs and strengths, ensuring that planning takes into account his or her interests, preferences, and desires for the future.
References
Altschuler, D., Strangler, G., Berkley, K., & Burton, L. (2009). Supporting youth in transition to adulthood: Lessons learned from child welfare & juvenile justice. Washington, DC.:The Center for Juvenile Justice Reform. Retrieved from http://cjjr.georgetown.edu/events/supporting-youth-in-transition-to-adulthood-lessons-learned-from-child-welfare-and-juvenile-justice/ (PDF, 58 pages)
American Youth Policy Forum. (2009). Leveraging resources to create alternate pathways to education and employment training for disconnected youth. Retrieved from http://www.aypf.org/resources/leveraging-resources-to-create-alternative-pathways-to-education-and-employment-training-for-disconnected-youth/
Burt, M. R. (2007). Understanding homeless youth: Numbers, characteristics, multisystem involvement, and intervention options. Testimony before the U.S. House Committee on Ways and Means, Subcommittee on Income Security and Family Support. Retrieved from http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/901087_Burt_Homeless.pdf (PDF, 14 pages)
Burt, M., Aron, L. Y., & Lee, E. (2001). Helping America's homeless: Emergency shelter or affordable housing? Washington, D.C.: The Urban Institute
Center for Juvenile Justice Reform, Georgetown University. Retrieved from http://cjjr.georgetown.edu/
Center for Labor Market Studies. (2009). Left behind in America: The nation's dropout crisis. Retrieved from https://repository.library.northeastern.edu/files/neu:376316 (PDF, 18 pages)
Editorial Projects in Education Research Center (2008). Diplomas count 2008: School to college: Can state P-16 councils ease the transition? Retrieved from http://www.edweek.org/ew/toc/2008/06/05/index.html
English, A., & Grasso, K. (2000). The Foster Care Independence Act of 1999: Enhancing youth access to health care. Journal of Poverty Law and Policy, 34, 217-232. Retrieved from http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/migrated/child/PublicDocuments/englishgrasso.authcheckdam.pdf (PDF, 16 pages)
Fernandes, A. L. (2008). Youth transitioning from foster care: Background, federal programs, and issues for Congress. Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress.
Gagnon, J.C., & Richards, C. (2008). Making the right turn: A guide about improving transition outcomes of youth involved in the juvenile corrections system. Washington, DC: National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability for Youth, Institute for Educational Leadership.
Gardner, D. (2008). Youth aging out of foster care: Identifying strategies and best practices. Washington, DC: National Association of Counties
Greene, J. M., & Ringwalt, C. L. (1998). Pregnancy among three national samples of runaway and homeless youth. The Journal of Adolescent Health, 23(6), 370-377
Hall, G., Israel, L., & Shortt, J. (2004). It's about time! A look at out of school time for urban teens. Wellesley, MA: The National Institute on Out-of-School Time
Levin, H. M. (2005). The Social Costs of Inadequate Education. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University. Retrieved from http://www.tc.columbia.edu/i/a/3082_socialcostsofinadequateEducation.pdf (PDF, 24 pages)
McMichael, W. H. (2009, November 5). Most U.S. youths unfit to serve, data show. Army Times. Retrieved from http://www.armytimes.com/news/2009/11/military_unfityouths_recruiting_110309w/
National Conference of State Legislatures. Retrieved from http://www.ncsl.org/
National League of Cities. (2005). Reengaging disconnected youth: Action kit for municipal leaders. Retrieved from http://www.nlc.org/File%20Library/Find%20City%20Solutions/IYEF/At-Risk%20Youth/disconnected-youth-action-kit-apr07.pdf (PDF, 14 pages)
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability for Youth. (n.d.) Benefits planning for youths with disabilities Retrieved from http://www.ncwd-youth.info/quick-reference-guide/benefits-planning
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability for Youth (n.d.). Guideposts for success (2nd ed.). Retrieved from http://www.ncwd-youth.info/sites/default/files/Guideposts-for-Success-(English).pdf (PDF, 12 pages)
National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability (2004). Making the connections: Growing and supporting new organizations : Intermediaries. Retrieved from http://www.ncwd-youth.info/sites/default/files/page/2009/02/infobrief_issue8.pdf (PDF, 4 pages)
Podmostko, M. (2007). Tunnels and cliffs: A guide for workforce development practitioners and policymakers serving youth with mental health needs. Washington, DC: National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability for Youth, Institute for Educational Leadership. Retrieved from http://www.ncwd-youth.info/assets/guides/mental_health/Mental_Health_Guide_complete.pdf
Sum, A., Khatiwada, I., McLaughlin, J. & Palma, S. (2008). The historically low summer and year round 2008 teen employment rate: The case for an immediate national public policy response to create jobs for the nation’s youth. Boston, MA: Center for Labor Market Studies
U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics. Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families. (2009). The AFCARS Report: Preliminary FY 2008 Estimates as of October 2009. Retrieved from http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/stats_research/afcars/tar/report16.htm
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families. Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCAR). Retrieved from http://www.acf.hhs.gov/programs/cb/systems/
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (n.d.). Preventing Suicide: Program Activities Guide. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/PreventingSuicide-a.pdf (PDF, 7 pages)
U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics. (2010). Criminal victimization in the United States, 2007 statistical tables. Retrieved from http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/cvus07.pdf (PDF, 133 pages)
U.S. Department of Labor (2009). Occupational outlook handbook, 2010-2011 edition. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/ooh/
U.S. Department of Labor (2009). The employment situation-November 2009. Bureau of Labor Statistics News Release. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/empsit_12042009.pdf (PDF, 30 pages)
U.S. Department of Labor (2007). College enrollment and work activity of 2006 high school graduates. Bureau of Labor Statistics News. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/news.release/archives/hsgec_04262007.pdf (PDF, 5 pages)
U.S. Department of Labor (2008). Work experience of the population -2008. Bureau of Labor Statistics News Release. Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/work.pdf (PDF, 9 pages)
Wills, J. (2008).Preparing all youth for academic and career readiness. Washington, D.C.: National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability for Youth, Institute for Educational Leadership. Retrieved from http://www.ncwd-youth.info/assets/reports/preparing_all_youth_for_academic_and_career_readiness.pdf (PDF, 63 pages)
Youth Briefs
Research links early leadership with increased self-efficacy and suggests that leadership can help youth to develop decision making and interpersonal skills that support successes in the workforce and adulthood. In addition, young leaders tend to be more involved in their communities, and have lower dropout rates than their peers. Youth leaders also show considerable benefits for their communities, providing valuable insight into the needs and interests of young people
Statistics reflecting the number of youth suffering from mental health, substance abuse, and co-occurring disorders highlight the necessity for schools, families, support staff, and communities to work together to develop targeted, coordinated, and comprehensive transition plans for young people with a history of mental health needs and/or substance abuse.
Nearly 30,000 youth aged out of foster care in Fiscal Year 2009, which represents nine percent of the young people involved in the foster care system that year. This transition can be challenging for youth, especially youth who have grown up in the child welfare system.
Research has demonstrated that as many as one in five children/youth have a diagnosable mental health disorder. Read about how coordination between public service agencies can improve treatment for these youth.
Civic engagement has the potential to empower young adults, increase their self-determination, and give them the skills and self-confidence they need to enter the workforce. Read about one youth’s experience in AmeriCorps National Civilian Community Corps (NCCC).